According to the AKC:
As a general guideline, though, the American Veterinary Medical Association breaks it down like this:
- 15 human years equals the first year of a medium-sized dog’s life.
- Year two for a dog equals about nine years for a human.
- And after that, each human year would be approximately five years for a dog.
Alternatives
Alternatively, since dogs reach maturity in about 1 year, that could be seen as 16 in human terms. Then add about 7, 5 or 4 years for every year your dog ages depending on the size of your dog.
Giant breeds examples: Great Danes, Mastiffs Large breeds: Retrievers, Collies Small breeds: Chihuahuas, Pomeranians
A 5 year old giant breed dog would then be: (5-1) x 7 +16 = 44 in human terms
A 5 year old large breed dog would then be: (5-1) x 5 + 16 = 36 in human terms
A 5 year old small breed dog would then be: (5-1) x 4 + 16 = 32 in human terms
Specific breeds such as Border Collies and Bulldogs can have shorter life expectancy than their size would suggest.
This could be because Border Collies lead hyper active lives and Bulldogs are essentially dwarfed Mastiffs and share the shorter lives of their ancestors. Beyond genetics, good nutrition, daily exercise, medical care, a warm family environment and an interesting life all serve to increase the lifespan of your dog.
Note that the average lifespan of a dog in the US has doubled in the last several decades. The basic dog hasn’t changed as much but the care of dogs has changed dramatically for the better.
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